THE EFFECTS OF CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES ON THE JUDICIARY SYSTEM IN ALBANIA: THE PROCESS OF VETTING

Evis GARUNJA

Resumen


Objective: in order to increase confidence in the institutions of justice, Albanian politics have undertaken a series of constitutional changes that aimed at a radical reform of the judicial system in Albania, unique in its kind, as the guarantor of the independence of the constitutional institutions, strengthening the healthy part and fulfilling one of the obligations for the European accession of Albania. The main focus of the last few years has been focused on control / Vetting, that is, the exclusion from the judicial system of individuals who do not meet one of the three constitutional criteria (wealth, moral integrity and professionalism), omitting other important aspects of the reform, new entrants to the system, the career system, the improvement of quality in judicial decisions, transparency and independence and professionalism. Vetting, control per se, is not a reform of justice, but only one of its constitutive phases. How is the Vetting process affecting judicial standards, how are the new Albanian justice institutions reacting, what is the public opinion on this progress or the benefits of society from this process?

Methodology: the deductive method is used,  with a bibliographical and documental approach, by reviewing books, journals and the legislation.

Results: The transition period from vetting – so, from the creation of new organs to their full functioning - is used by the justice system to continue to take advantage of situations where denial of justice is still possible or to carry out acts which could integrate the extremes of the crime of corruption. These subjects should resign with the approaches of the control procedures. The lack of a clear link between the decision to dismiss the KPK / KPA and the consequence of bringing those who have broken the law to the justice has given space and immunity to people who, although they have no more the minimum requirements to do it (beginning from moral integrity), still holding the power, compromising in this way the public support for justice reform

Contributions: the research gives as contribution a study of the Albania Democratiazaton, as wells of its Constitution enacted in 198.

Keywords: Albania; Constitution; Vetting; Transtion period.

  

RESUMO

Objetivo: a fim de aumentar a confiança nas instituições de justiça, a política albanesa empreendeu uma série de mudanças constitucionais que visavam uma reforma radical do sistema judicial na Albânia, único em seu tipo, como o garante da independência das instituições constitucionais, fortalecendo a parte saudável e cumprindo uma das obrigações para a adesão europeia da Albânia. O foco principal dos últimos anos tem sido o controle / Vetting, ou seja, a exclusão do sistema judicial de pessoas que não atendam a um dos três critérios constitucionais (riqueza, integridade moral e profissionalismo), omitindo outros importantes aspectos da reforma, novos ingressos no sistema, o sistema de carreiras, a melhoria da qualidade nas decisões judiciais, transparência e independência e profissionalismo. A fiscalização, o controle per se, não é uma reforma da justiça, mas apenas uma de suas fases constitutivas. Como está o processo de Vetting afetando os padrões judiciais, como as novas instituições de justiça albanesas estão reagindo, qual é a opinião pública sobre este progresso ou os benefícios da sociedade neste processo?

Metodologia: é utilizado o método dedutivo, com abordagem bibliográfica e documental, através da revisão de livros, periódicos e da legislação.

Resultados: O período de transição do vetting - ou seja, da criação dos novos órgãos ao seu pleno funcionamento - é utilizado pelo sistema de justiça para continuar a tirar proveito das situações em que a negação da justiça ainda é possível ou para a prática de atos que integrem o extremos do crime de corrupção. Esses sujeitos devem conformar-se com as abordagens dos procedimentos de controle. A falta de uma ligação clara entre a decisão de demitir o KPK / KPA e a consequência de levar aqueles que infringiram a lei à justiça deu espaço e imunidade às pessoas que, embora não tenham mais os requisitos mínimos para fazê-lo ( partindo da integridade moral), ainda detendo o poder, comprometendo desta forma o apoio público à reforma da justiça

Contribuições: a pesquisa traz como contribuição um estudo da democratização da Albânia, bem como de sua Constituição promulgada em 1988.  

 

Palavras-chave: Albânia; Constituição. Vetting. Período de transição.


Palabras clave


Albanian constitution, Vetting, reform, judges, law standards

Texto completo:

PDF (English)

Referencias


ANASTASI, Aurela, The implementation of the Constitution under political power, interview taken by Reporter.al, November 19, 2015.

ANASTASI, Aurela, The Constitution is not changed only by politics, Interview published in the Java Magazine 25.02.2014 (Access in www.shtetiweb.org).

ANASTASI, Aurela, The Constitutional as a foundation for political and social coexistence in the historical and evolutionary context, lecture given in the Scientific Conference on the theme "Constitution, as an instrument of stability and development", organized by the Constitutional Court of the RA at the 15-year Albanian Constitution, 22 November 2013.

BERBERI, Sokol, The Constitution as a living instrument and the constitutional interpretation, lecture given in the Scientific Conference on the theme "Constitution, as an instrument of stability and development", organized by the Constitutional Court of the RA at the 15-year anniversary of the Albanian Constitution, 22 November 2013.

BERISHAJ, Mërgim, What is the influence of political parties in democratic consolidation?, Pristina, 08-15-2013.

BIBERAJ, Elez, Albania. Democracy on the crossroads, Mapo, November 26, 2015.

DACI, Jordan, The Relationship Between International Law and Domestic Law Under The Constitution of the Republic of Albania, Buletini, University of Shkodra, 2012.

DEDJA, Bashkim, The role of the Constitutional Court in strengthening the rule of law, International Conference “Strengthening the law and global governance as a need to protect the future of two billion children around the world and the generations to be born”. India 9-12 December 2001.

HASANI, ENVER & CUKALOVIC, Ivan, Commentary on the Kosovo Constitution, Botimi I, 2013.

KALAJA, Florian, The Constitutional changes, Mapo, January 14, 2016

OMARI, Luan, & Anastasi, Aurela, “Constitutional Law”, ABC, Tirana 2008.

OMARI, Luan, The Constitution in a perspective vision, Book "The division of powers and the independence of constitutional institutions, Chapter IV-V, Tirana 2013. https://shtetiweb.org/2013/02/11/pavaresia -e-institucioneve-kushtetuese-kap-iv /

PAJO, Valbona, A Constitutional Reform for more Constitutional Culture, as part of the project: "Constitutional reform from an academic and civil point of view", supported by the Open Society Foundation in Albania, SOROS, April 2015.

PRIDHAM, Geoffrey, “Designing Democracy, EU Enlargement and Regime Change in Post-Communist Europe”, Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005.

TARIFA, Fatos, Why has the democratic transition disappointed us? Bota.al, 3 October 2019.

TOPALLI, Irisi, Democratization of the Albanian Constitution according to European standards. Mapo, 13 June 2018.

TRAJA, Kristaq, The Constitution, the results achieved and the road to a second republic, lecture given in the Scientific Conference on the theme "Constitution, as an instrument of stability and development", organized by the Constitutional Court of the RA at the 15-year anniversary of the Albanian Constitution , November 22, 2013.

VORPSI, Arta, The constitutional relationship between president and parliament, “Parliamentary law and legal policies”, No.XXIX, 2006.

ZHILLA, Fabian, Political Crisis as a Constitutional Crisis, Panorama, 29 October 2015.

REPORTS AND STUDIES

Corruption in Albania, Perception and Experience, Institute for Development Research and Alternatives, (2009).

Albanian Institute for Legal and Territorial Studies (A.L.T.R.I), On the need for Constitutional changes, academic works, on the project with the theme: "Constitutional reform according to the academic and civil perspective", Tirana, April 2015.

The analysis of the judicial system in Albania, Special Parliamentary Commission on the reform in the judicial system, June 2015.

Justice reform, Training module for non-jurist students and civil society activists, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2018.

The Strategy of the Reform on Judicial System, The Highest Level Expert Group, Special Parliamentary Commission on Judicial Reform, 24 July 2015.

Evaluation report for Albania no. 4, 24 - 27 June 2014, GRECO (the Group of States against Corruption)

http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/greco/news/News%2820140627%29Eval4Albania_en.asp.

Justice Reform: 2018 Budgets, Problems, Challenges, Institute of Political Studies (ISP), Tiranë 2018, Web: www.isp.com.al

CDL-AD (2008) 033, Opinion on the Amendments to the Constitution of the Republic of Albania, Adopted by the Venice Commission at its 77th Plenary session on the basis of comments by Mr Sergio BARTOLE (Member, Italy) Mr Jeffrey JOWELL (Member, United Kingdom) Mr Oliver KASK (Member, Estonia), 15 December 2008.

https: //oranews.tv/article/mosfunksionimi-i-reformes-ne-drejtesi-bilanci-i-tre-viteve

www.shtetiweb.org

https://shtetiweb.org/2013/06/03/refoma-per-konsolidimin-e-pushtetit-gjyqesor-roli-dhe-qendrimet-e-konferences-gjyqesore/

http://www.reformanedrejtesi.al

Law No. 7491, of 29.4.1991, “For the Main Constitutional Provisions”.

Law No. 9904, of 21.04.2008

Law No. 137/2015, dated 17.12.2015

Law No. 76/2016, dated 22.7.2016




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/revistajur.2316-753X.v5i67.4987

Enlaces refback

  • No hay ningún enlace refback.




Revista Jurídica e-ISSN: 2316-753X

Rua Chile, 1678, Rebouças, Curitiba/PR (Brasil). CEP 80.220-181

Licença Creative Commons

Este obra está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.