OTIMIZAÇÃO DO FINANCIAMENTO DO TRIBUNAL: PRINCÍPIOS LEGAIS E SOLUÇÕES PRÁTICAS
Resumo
A crescente carga de trabalho dos tribunais e juízes na última década, juntamente com as preocupações sobre a justiça de sua distribuição na Rússia e internacionalmente, ressalta a necessidade urgente de melhorar os mecanismos de financiamento das atividades judiciais em diferentes jurisdições. Para enfrentar esse desafio, é necessário resolver as principais questões relacionadas ao fornecimento de apoio financeiro adequado e apropriado aos tribunais. Isso deve ser abordado de uma perspectiva financeira e sistêmica, garantindo a adesão ao princípio da independência judicial nos níveis institucional e individual. Este estudo examina as estruturas e práticas legais associadas ao financiamento dos tribunais e identifica maneiras de otimizar os modelos orçamentários estabelecidos para os órgãos judiciais. Os autores argumentam que, embora o financiamento pareça aumentar anualmente em termos absolutos, uma análise detalhada revela falhas significativas, incluindo a ausência de um mecanismo estabelecido pela legislação que vincule as alocações financeiras à carga de trabalho real das unidades judiciais ou ao desempenho de juízes individuais. O documento propõe abordagens de reestruturação para o financiamento de atividades judiciais, enfatizando estruturas orientadas para resultados, adaptadas ao trabalho realizado em nível local. O estudo tem como objetivo desenvolver princípios teóricos para o apoio financeiro às atividades judiciais. Isso inclui a análise de critérios para financiamento adequado e o exame de mecanismos de alocação, incorporando percepções de jurisdições estrangeiras selecionadas e propondo melhorias na estrutura legislativa. O artigo analisa vários modelos de orçamento baseado em desempenho implementados em diferentes países, distinguindo-os pela extensão em que as autoridades legislativas levam em conta as cargas de trabalho do Judiciário ao formular orçamentos. A pesquisa emprega análise jurídica comparativa, métodos sincrônicos e diacrônicos e metodologias jurídicas formais. O estudo destaca que dados precisos sobre a carga de trabalho são fundamentais para a preparação de futuros orçamentos judiciais. As avaliações da carga de trabalho devem considerar a complexidade dos conflitos resolvidos no tribunal. Os autores concluem que os conceitos clássicos de produtividade econômica são apenas parcialmente aplicáveis ao setor judiciário. Além disso, a produtividade não pode ser avaliada apenas pelo número de disputas resolvidas, dada a necessidade de equilibrar a alta produtividade com padrões aceitáveis de carga de trabalho para os juízes. Esse equilíbrio é fundamental para mitigar a pressão excessiva sobre os órgãos judiciais e garantir a alocação eficaz de recursos para a prestação da justiça.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/revistajur.2316-753X.v3i79.7605
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