IMPLEMENTING HALAL LEGAL POLICIES IN THE GLOBAL MARKET: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF TRADE PRACTICES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND THE MIDDLE EAST

Hendri Hermawan Adinugraha HAN

Abstract


Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the practices, challenges, and adaptation strategies of industry players and to understand how differences in halal legal policies affect the efficiency of cross-regional trade.


Methods: This study employs a qualitative approach, utilizing a literature review and descriptive-comparative analysis based on documents and interview results.


Results: The main findings reveal that Indonesia, Malaysia, and Saudi Arabia employ distinct halal legal models, ranging from state-centric approaches to conservative fiqh-based systems. These variations result in structural barriers such as double certification, standard inconsistencies, and product rejection due to differences in Sharia law interpretation. Exporters and industry associations tend to support harmonization through mutual recognition mechanisms, whereas regulators are more cautious due to concerns about national legal and religious authority. The main novelty of this research lies in mapping business actors' adaptation strategies to halal law differences and contextual understanding of fiqh dynamics in global trade relations.


Conclusion: This study concludes that to create an inclusive global halal system, cross-border collaboration that respects the diversity of schools of thought is necessary, as well as strengthening halal diplomacy in international forums.


Keywords: halal law; international certification; regulatory harmonization; cross-border trade.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as práticas, os desafios e as estratégias de adaptação dos participantes da indústria e compreender como as diferenças nas políticas legais halal afetam a eficiência do comércio inter-regional.

 Métodos: Este estudo utiliza uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando revisão bibliográfica e análise descritivo-comparativa com base em documentos e resultados de entrevistas.

 Resultados: Os principais resultados revelam que Indonésia, Malásia e Arábia Saudita empregam modelos jurídicos halal distintos, que variam de abordagens centradas no Estado a sistemas conservadores baseados em fiqh. Essas variações resultam em barreiras estruturais, como dupla certificação, inconsistências nas normas e rejeição de produtos devido a diferenças na interpretação da Sharia. Exportadores e associações industriais tendem a apoiar a harmonização por meio de mecanismos de reconhecimento mútuo, enquanto os reguladores são mais cautelosos devido a preocupações com as autoridades legais e religiosas nacionais. A principal novidade desta pesquisa reside no mapeamento das estratégias de adaptação dos agentes empresariais às diferenças na lei halal e na compreensão contextual da dinâmica do fiqh nas relações comerciais globais.

 Conclusão: Este estudo conclui que, para criar um sistema halal global inclusivo, é necessária uma colaboração transfronteiriça que respeite a diversidade de escolas de pensamento, bem como o fortalecimento da diplomacia halal em fóruns internacionais.


Schlagworte


lei halal; certificação internacional; harmonização regulatória; comércio transfronteiriço.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/revistajur.2316-753X.v2i87.7972

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