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GESTÃO DE RISCOS E REGULAMENTAÇÃO: IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE TOMADA DE DECISÃO ALGORÍTMICA
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objective: The widespread introduction and use of algorithmic decision-making systems reduces time and transaction costs and saves human resources. However, in addition to obvious advantages, the use of algorithms can carry risks, sometimes very serious ones.The purpose of this study is to categorize algorithmic decision-making systems by various parameters, identify the main risks associated with the use of these algorithms, and propose a set of measures to reduce the negative consequences of using such systems.
Methods: The research methods are based on a comprehensive analysis of a limited number of studies that were selected according to special parameters. The methods of analogy and comparative analysis were also used.
Results: The main features of the use of algorithmic decision-making systems are analyzed. Based on the results of the study, a classification into types according to criteria is proposed, and the risks of using algorithmic decision-making systems are classified.
Conclusion: A system of measures to minimize the negative consequences of using algorithms is proposed: a ban on the use of algorithm systems in the riskiest areas, a requirement to provide reports from government agencies using algorithms in their activities, mandatory notification of individuals if a legally significant decision has been made against them by the algorithm system, granting individuals the right to appeal a legally significant decision.
Keywords: decision-making algorithms; artificial intelligence; legally significant decisions.
RESUMO
Objectivo: A introdução e utilização generalizada de sistemas algorítmicos de tomada de decisão reduz o tempo e os custos de transacção e poupa recursos humanos. No entanto, para além das vantagens óbvias, a utilização de algoritmos pode acarretar riscos, por vezes muito graves. O objetivo deste estudo é categorizar os sistemas algorítmicos de tomada de decisão por vários parâmetros, identificar os principais riscos associados à utilização destes algoritmos, e propor um conjunto de medidas para reduzir as consequências negativas da utilização de tais sistemas.
Métodos: Os métodos de pesquisa baseiam-se numa análise abrangente de um número limitado de estudos que foram selecionados de acordo com parâmetros especiais. Também foram utilizados os métodos de analogia e análise comparativa.
Resultados: São analisadas as principais características da utilização de sistemas algorítmicos de tomada de decisão. Com base nos resultados do estudo, é proposta uma classificação em tipos de acordo com critérios e são classificados os riscos do uso de sistemas algorítmicos de tomada de decisão.
Conclusão: É proposto um sistema de medidas para minimizar as consequências negativas do uso de algoritmos: proibição do uso de sistemas de algoritmos nas áreas de maior risco, exigência de fornecimento de relatórios de agências governamentais que utilizam algoritmos em suas atividades, notificação obrigatória de indivíduos se um uma decisão legalmente significativa foi tomada contra eles pelo sistema de algoritmo, concedendo aos indivíduos o direito de apelar de uma decisão legalmente significativa.
Palavras-chave: algoritmo de tomada de decisão; inteligência artificial; decisões juridicamente significativas.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/revistajur.2316-753X.v2i78.6819
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