THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL SYSTEMS

Safiya Mukhametgaliyeva; Elena Kirillova; Alexey Deyev; Daniil Kvon; Dmitry Savelev; Juliya Kholodionova

doi:10.26668/revistajur.2316-753X.v1i77.6666

THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES ON DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL SYSTEMS

Safiya Mukhametgaliyeva, Elena Kirillova, Alexey Deyev, Daniil Kvon, Dmitry Savelev, Juliya Kholodionova

Resumo

Objective: The study aims to highlight the stages of lawmaking in which artificial intelligence can be used and determine the principles on which this process should be based.

Methods: The research methods include the analysis of a limited number of studies selected according to special parameters and comprehensively reviewed, as well as analogy and comparative analysis.

Results: Based on the study results, the authors identify the main stages of lawmaking activity in which the use of AI seems justified. These stages include collecting statistical data; forecasting the effectiveness of legal norms; planning expense items on the development and implementation of legal norms; creating legal norms; customizing legal norms; legal expertise; and anti-corruption examination.

Conclusion: The study concludes that activities that the use of AI should be guided by the following principles: respect human rights when using AI, maintain the principle of equality and justice, and ensure the security, neutrality, and controllability of AI.

Palavras-chave

artificial intelligence; lawmaking activities; legal expertise; digitalization; legal status; statistics; customization

Texto completo:

PDF

Referências

Abiodun, O. S., & Lekan, A. J. (2020). Exploring the potentials of artificial intelligence in the judiciary. International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 5(8), 23-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/IJEAST.2020.v05i08.004

Akhmetshin, E. M., Allanina, L. M., Morozova, E. N., Volynkina, N. V., & Nazarova, L. N. (2020). The state of legal consciousness formation of Russian students. International Journal of Instruction, 13(2), 419-430. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13229a

Akhmetshin, E. M., Stepanova, D. I., Andryushchenko, I. Y., Hajiyev, H. A., & Lizina, O. M. (2019). Technological stratification of the large business enterprises’ development. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 10(4), 1084-1100. https://doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.4(42).10

Altwicker, T. (2019). International legal scholarship and the challenge of digitalization. Chinese Journal of International Law, 18(2), 217-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmz012

Amelin, R., Channov, S., Churikova, A., Lipchanskaya, M., Shindina, A., & Sinitsa, A. (2023). The digital transformation of local government: Notion and peculiarities. Revista Juridica, 2(74), 751-766.

Araszkiewicz, M., Bench-Capon, T., Francesconi, E., Lauritsen, M., & Rotolo, A. (2022). Thirty years of artificial intelligence and law: Overviews. Artificial Intelligence and Law, 30(4), 593-610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-022-09324-9

Barzilova, I. S. (2021). Problems of using digital technologies in lawmaking. Sociopolitical Sciences, 11(2), 125-130. https://doi.org/10.33693/2223-0092-2021-11-2-125-130

Bench-Capon, T. (2022). Thirty years of artificial intelligence and law: Editor’s introduction. Artificial Intelligence and Law, 30(4), 475-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10506-022-09325-8

Blinova, O. V., & Belov, S. A. (2020). Linguistic ambiguity and vagueness in Russian legal texts. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law, 11(4), 774-812.

Buchholtz, G. (2020). Artificial intelligence and legal tech: Challenges to the rule of law. In T. Wischmeyer, & T. Rademacher (Eds.), Regulating artificial intelligence (pp. 175-198). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32361-5_8

Carrillo, M. R. (2020). Artificial intelligence: From ethics to law. Telecommunications Policy, 44(6), 101937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2020.101937

Chumakova, E. V., Korneev, D. G., Chernova, T. A., Gasparian, M. S., & Ponomarev, A. A. (2023). Comparison of the application of FNN and LSTM based on the use of modules of artificial neural networks in generating an individual knowledge testing trajectory. Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés, 56(2), 213-220. https://doi.org/10.18280/jesa.560205

Demidov, V., Dolzhenkova, E., Mokhorov, D., & Mokhorova, A. (2021). Legal aspects of artificial intelligence application in artistic activity. In D. Bylieva, & A. Nordmann (Eds.), Lecture notes in networks and systems. Vol. 345. Technology, innovation and creativity in digital society. PCSF 2021 (pp. 192-202). Cham: Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89708-6_17

Dias, N., & Júlio, S. (2018). The next thirty years of participatory budgeting in the world start today. In N. Dias (Ed.), Hope for democracy: 30 years of participatory budgeting worldwide (pp. 15-34). Faro: Oficina.

Dolgopolov, K., Ivanov, S., Lauta, O., & Yacobi, I. (2022). The digital era of criminal justice and its features due to the current development of computer technology and artificial intelligence. Revista Juridica, 3(70), 826-837.

Drahmann, A., & Meuwese, A. (2022). AI and lawmaking: An overview. In B. Custers, & E. Fosch-Villaronga (Eds.), Information technology and law series, Vol. 35. Law and artificial intelligence (pp. 433-449). The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-523-2_22, P. 433-449

Eflova, M., Vinogradova, Y., & Vitushkin, A. (2023). The impact of artificial intelligence on the development of modern society. E3S Web of Conferences, 449, 07005. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344907005

Elliott, E. D. (1984). Holmes and evolution: Legal process as artificial intelligence. The Journal of Legal Studies, 13(1), 113-146.

Erahtina, O. S. (2023). Approaches to Regulating Relations in the Sphere of Developing and Using the Artificial Intelligence Technologies: Features and Practical Applicability. Journal of Digital Technologies and Law, 1(2), 421–437. https://doi.org/10.21202/jdtl.2023.17

Filipova, I. A., Koroteev, V. D. (2023). Future of the Artificial Intelligence: Object of Law or Legal Personality? Journal of Digital Technologies and Law, 1(2), 359–386. https://doi.org/10.21202/jdtl.2023.15

Fitsilis, F. (2021). Artificial Intelligence (AI) in parliaments-preliminary analysis of the Eduskunta experiment. The Journal of Legislative Studies, 27(4), 621-633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2021.1976947

Gavrilova, Yu. A. (2021). The concept of integrating artificial intelligence into the legal system. RUDN Journal of Law, 25(3), 673-692. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2021-25-3-673-692

Greenstein, S. (2022). Preserving the rule of law in the era of artificial intelligence (AI). Artificial Intelligence and Law, 30(3), 291-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-021-09294-4

Gualdi, F., & Cordella, A. (2022). Techno-legal entanglements as new actors in the policy-making process. In Proceedings of the 55th Hawaii international conference on system sciences (pp. 2378-2386). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2022.298

Gurinovich, A. G., & Lapina, M. A. (2022). Problemas de regulamentação legal da inteligência artificial, robôs e objetos robóticos no campo das relações sociais. Revista Relações Internacionais do Mundo Atual, 1(34), 55-78.

Gurinovich, A., Lapina, M., Kazantsev, D., & Lapin, A. (2023). Problems of legal regulation of the risks of using robotic and infocommunication technologies from the point of view of information security. Revista Juridica, 1(73), 805-830.

Kirillova, E. A., Zulfugarzade, T. E., Blinkov, O. E., Serova, O. A., & Mikhaylova, I. A. (2021). Perspectivas de desarrollo de la regulación legal de las plataformas digitales. Jurídicas CUC, 18(1), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.17981/juridcuc.18.1.2022.02

Koos, S. (2022). Digital globalization and law. Lex Scientia Law Review, 6(1), 33-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v6i1.55092

Leksin, I. V. (2021). Law and digitalization: Some academic illusions and practical issues. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences, 14(5), 602-610. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1370-0745

Liu, H. Y., Maas, M., Danaher, J., Scarcella, L., Lexer, M., & Van Rompaey, L. (2020). Artificial intelligence and legal disruption: A new model for analysis. Law, Innovation and Technology, 12(2), 205-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17579961.2020.1815402

Martin, A. S., & Freeland, S. (2021). The advent of artificial intelligence in space activities: New legal challenges. Space Policy, 55, 101408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spacepol.2020.101408

Metsker, O., Trofimov, E., Petrov, M., & Butakov, N. (2019). Russian court decisions data analysis using distributed computing and machine learning to improve lawmaking and law enforcement. Procedia Computer Science, 156, 264-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.08.202

Ovchinnikov, A. I., Mamychev, A. Y., Yatsenko, T. S., Kravchenko, A., & Kolesnikov, Y. A. (2020). Artificial intelligence in enforcement: Epistemological analysis. Journal of Politics and Law, 13, 75-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n2p75

Pakshin, P.K. (2023). The Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence Systems in Private International Law. Gaps in Russian Legislation, 16(6), 99-105. https://doi.org/10.33693/2072-3164-2023-16-6-099-105.

Papysheva, E.S. (2023). Limits of Admissibility of The Participation of Artificial Intelligence In The Decision Of The Verdict. Gaps in Russian Legislation, 16(5), 386-391.

Pashentsev, D., & Alimova, D. (2019). Innovations of law-making in the conditions of digitalization of public relations. Gosudarstvo i pravo, 6, 102-106. https://doi.org/10.31857/S013207690005265-3

Priambudi, Z., Papuani, N. H., & Iskandar, R. P. M. (2021). Optimizing omnibus law in Indonesia: A legal enquiry on the use of artificial intelligence for legislative drafting. Indonesian Journal of Law and Society, 2(1), 79-104. https://doi.org/10.19184/ijls.v2i1.21787

Raharjo, A. (2019). Law as artificial intelligence products. In Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on globalization of law and local wisdom (ICGLOW 2019) (pp. 389-393). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/icglow-19.2019.93

Rangone, N. (2023). Artificial intelligence challenging core State functions: A focus on law-making and rule-making. Revista de Derecho Público: Teoría y Método, 8, 95-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.37417/RDP/vol_8_2023_1949

Sartor, G., Araszkiewicz, M., Atkinson, K., Bex, F., van Engers, T., Francesconi, E., Prakken, H., Sileno, G., Schilder, F., Wyner, A., & Bench-Capon, T. (2022). Thirty years of artificial intelligence and law: The second decade. Artificial Intelligence and Law, 30(4), 521-557.

Shchitova, A. A. (2020). Definition of artificial intelligence for legal regulation. In Proceedings of the 2nd international scientific and practical conference on digital economy (ISCDE 2020) (pp. 616-620). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201205.104

Skorobogatov, A. V., & Krasnov, A. V. (2023). Law nature of artificial intelligence. Problems of Information Society, 14(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.25045/jpis.v14.i1.01

Solum, L.B. (2019). Artificially intelligent law. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3337696

Sumantri, V. K. (2019). Legal responsibility on errors of the artificial intelligence-based robots. Lentera Hukum, 6(2), 337-352.

Surden, H. (2019). Artificial intelligence and law: An overview. Georgia State University Law Review, 35(4), 19-22.

Talapina, E. V. (2021). Artificial intelligence and legal expertise in public administration. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law, 12(4), 865-881. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2021.404

The European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) of the Council of Europe. (2018). CEPEJ European Ethical Charter on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in judicial systems and their environment. https://www.coe.int/en/web/cepej/cepej-european-ethical-charter-on-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence-ai-in-judicial-systems-and-their-environment

Ukhanov, A. D. (2020). Anticipatory law regulations concept influenced by risks and threats of digitalization. In N. G. Bogachenko (Ed.), AmurCon 2021: International scientific conference, Vol. 126. European proceedings of social and behavioural sciences (pp. 1024-1033). European Publisher. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.06.113

Velasco, C. (2022). Cybercrime and artificial intelligence. An overview of the work of international organizations on criminal justice and the international applicable instruments. ERA Forum, 23(1), 109-126.

Volosova, N.Yu. (2023). Prospects, Dangers and Risks of Using Artificial Intelligence in The Implementation of Legal Proceedings. Lobbying in the Legislative Process, 2(1), 44–49. https://doi.org/10.33693/2782-7372-2023-1-1-44-49.

Voskobitova, L. A., & Przhilenskiy, V. I. (2022). Transformation of legal reality under the impact of digitalization. Kutafin Law Review, 9(2), 251-276.

Walters, R., & Novak, M. (2021). Artificial intelligence and law. In Cyber security, artificial intelligence, data protection & the law (pp. 39-69). Singapore: Springer Singapore.

Zaloilo, M. V., & Pashentsev, D. A. (2019). National law and order of Russia in the conditions of digitalization. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law, 10(2), 196-209. https://doi.org/10.21638/SPBU14.2019.201

Zenin, S., Kornev, A., Lipen, S., & Tanimov, O. (2022). Trends in developing lawmaking activities in the Russian legal system during the digitalization of public relations. Revista Jurídica, 2(69), 767-777.

Zenin, S., Kornev, A., Lipen, S., Shepelev, D., & Tanimov, O. (2023). Transformation of law and legal activity in the context of the development of digital technologies. Lex Humana, 15(1), 277-290.

Zhilkin, V. A. (2018). Iskusstvennyi intellekt i tsifrovye tekhnologii v yuridicheskoi deyatelnosti v tsifrovoi realnosti (na primere Finlyandii) [Artificial intelligence and digital technologies in legal activities in digital reality (as exemplified by Finland]. Zhurnal zarubezhnogo zakonodatelstva i sravnitelnogo pravovedeniya, 5(72), 16-21.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/revistajur.2316-753X.v1i77.6666