ANALYSIS OF CREATING STEREOTYPE WITHIN COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE USSR IN THE PERIOD OF SOCIALIST TRANSFORMATIONS (BASED ON MEDIA MATERIAL 1920-1930)
Resumen
Background: The article proposes the stereotypes used in the USSR in the process of forming a socialist type of collective consciousness (1920-1930). It reveals the concepts of stereotype, social stereotyping, manipulation, and the use of these tools in forming public opinion. Objective: The goal is to identify the stereotypes used in the USSR in the formation of the socialist type of social consciousness (1920-1930). Methods: The prevalent research method is content analysis. The material for the research is the newspapers “Pravda”, “Trud”, and “Izvestiya”, published during the mentioned period. These exact newspapers were the tool for shaping public opinion in the Soviet Union. Results: The work discloses the stereotype “Us and Them” on the examples for forming the concepts “New Man” and “Enemy of the People”. Moreover, the concept of "enemy of the people" has expanded over time and began to include more and more new social classes of Soviet society. The article also examines in detail the relationship between the "new man" and the church (religion), the "new man" and science (invention), the "new man" and education. Conclusion: The main conclusion that was made based on the results of this study is that the processes of stereotyping perform the specified functions of modeling the social system through the rational use of the potential and mechanisms of the media space.
Palabras clave
Texto completo:
PDF (English)Referencias
Banaji, M.R. (2001). Stereotypes, social psychology of. In N. J. Smelser, & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences (pp. 15100-15104). Pergamon. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/01754-X
Benefits for inventors. (1928, July 18). Izvestiya, p. 1.
Black Army. (1918, February 19 (6)). Izvestiya No. 28 (292), p. 1.
Bonuses for engineers and technicians. (1928, July 27). Trud, p. 1.
Chan, W., & Mendelsohn, G.A. (2010). Disentangling stereotype and person effects: Do social stereotypes bias observer judgment of personality? Journal of Research in Personality, 44(2), 251-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2010.02.001
Chuprov, V.I., Zubok, Yu.A., & Romanovich, N.A. (2014). Attitude to social reality in Russian society: Sociocultural mechanism of formation and production. Moscow: Norma: INFRA-M.
The crisis of Austro-German imperialism. (1918, March 23). Izvestiya No. 55(319), p. 1.
Cultural campaign of the komsomol. (1928, August 29). Trud, p. 1.
Cultural construction of Siberia. (1928, March 6). Izvestiya No. 56 (3290), p. 1.
Damigella, D., & Licciardello, O. (2014). Stereotypes and prejudices at school: A study on primary school reading books. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 127, 209-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.242
Danakin, N.S., & Verveyko, O.I. (2014). Social stereotypes in management: Structure, forms of manifestation, technology of overcoming. Belgorod: Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov.
Deregistration of those who refuse to go to the countryside. (1928, February 25). Trud No. 48 (2085), p. 1.
Doctors, agronomists, and teachers - To the countryside. (1928, March 9). Izvestiya No. 59 (3293), p. 1.
Doctors do not go to the provinces. (1928, April 7). Izvestiya No. 83 (3317), p. 1.
Doctors, to the province. (1928, March 4). Izvestiya No. 55 (3289), p. 1.
Enemies external and internal enemies. (1918, February 23 (10)). Izvestiya No. 32 (296), p. 1.
Face millions of illiterate people. (1928, March 31). Trud No. 77 (2114), p. 1.
Five for invention. (1928, June 8). Trud, p. 1.
Franěk, M. (2013). Social stereotype as a learning tool. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 624-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.250
Gavrish, V.D., & Gridchin, A.A. (2019). The world historical process as a subject of social and philosophical understanding. Belgorod: Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov.
Gorina, E.V. (2016). Communication technologies of manipulation in the media and information security issues. Ekaterinburg: Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin.
The Great cultural victory. (1928, January 1). Trud No. 1, p. 1.
Grindstaff, L. (2022). Barriers to inclusion: Social roots and current concerns. In L.F. Bisson, L. Grindstaff, L. Brazil-Cruz, & S.J. Barbu (Eds.), Uprooting bias in the academy (pp. 19-44). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85668-7_2
Hamilton, A.F. de C., & Krendl, A.C. (2007). Social cognition: Overturning stereotypes of and with autism. Current biology, 17(16), R641-R642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.009
Holy Easter in numbers. (1928, April 18). Pravda, p. 1.
Izvestiya No. 5 (872). (1920, February 5).
Izvestiya No. 31 (878). (1920, February 12).
Izvestiya No. 35 (862). (1920, February 17).
Izvestiya No. 53 (900). (1920, March 9).
Izvestiya No. 59 (806). (1920, March 17).
Johnson, S.B., & Anderson, P.L. (2014). Stereotype confirmation concern and fear of negative evaluation among African Americans and Caucasians with Social Anxiety Disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(4), 390-393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.03.003
Kolodina, N.N. (2014). Stereotyping of thinking as the formation of a cognitive mechanism for recognizing the object "our" and "alien" (psycholinguistic aspect). Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University, 5, 245-254.
Korolko, V.G. (2000). Public relations basics. Moscow: Refl-book.
Koshlyakova, M.O. (2016). Social space of the image. Moscow: INFRA-M.
Lippman, W. (2004). Public opinion. Moscow: Institute of the Public Opinion Foundation.
Malashenko, A.V. (1993). From the past to the past? Fundamentalism of Islam and Orthodoxy. Svobodnaya mysl' [Free Thought], 14, 69-83.
Marzouki, Y., Barach, E., Srinivasan, V., Shaikh, S., & Feldman, L.B. (2020). The dynamics of negative stereotypes as revealed by tweeting behavior in the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attack. Heliyon, 6(8), e04311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04311
Mass work newspapers. (1928, March 8). Pravda No. 58 (3890), p. 1.
Maxim Gorky the first worker-correspondent of Leningrad. (1928, April 6). Izvestiya No. 82 (3316), p. 1.
Maykov, A.V. (2006, January 26). Patriotism and nationalism in the "Us and Them" system. Russian Journal. Retrieved from http://www.russ.ru/Mirovaya-povestka/Patriotizm-i-nacionalizm-v-sisteme-svoj-chuzhoj
Militant Churches. (1918, January 30). Izvestiya No. 23 (287), p. 1.
Murder of a public teacher. (1928, March 15). Izvestiya No. 63 (3297), p. 1.
Nadal, K.L., Wong, Y., Griffin, K., Sriken, J., Vargas, V., Wideman, M., & Kolawole, A. (2011). Microaggressions and the multiracial experience. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1, 36–44.
Neglected disease. (1928, January 7). Trud, p. 1.
Neuberg, S.L., Williams, K.E.G., Sng, O., Pick, C.M., Neel, R., Krems, J.A., & Pirlott, A.G. (2020). Chapter Five - Toward capturing the functional and nuanced nature of social stereotypes: An affordance management approach. In B. Gawronski (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 62, pp. 245–304). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2020.04.004
Nosek, B.A., Hawkins, C.B., & Frazier, R.S. (2011). Implicit social cognition: From measures to mechanisms. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 152–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.01.005
Noyanzina, O., Maximova, S., Goncharova, N., Omelchenko, D., & Avdeeva, G. (2015). Interethnic generalizations and stereotypes in mental representations of image of ‘The other’ in social representations of Russian population. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 185, 179–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.425
On the activities of the clergy. (1928, March 24). Pravda No. 71 (3903), p. 1.
On the proper distribution of knowledge workers. (1928, February 10). Pravda No. 35 (3867), p. 1.
On the roles and tasks of wall newspapers. (1928, June 27). Izvestiya, p. 1.
On working inventions. (1928, June 12). Pravda, p. 1.
Physical education to the masses. (1928, August 19). Trud, p. 1.
Piterova, A.Yu., & Teterina, E.A. (2016). Social stereotypes: Features of formation and study. Electronic Scientific Journal "Science. Society. State", 4(1(13)), 103-110.
Resolute fight against drunkenness. (1928, August 1). Trud, p. 1.
Rodrigues, H., Goméz-Corona, C., & Valentin, D. (2020). Femininities & masculinities: Sex, gender, and stereotypes in food studies. Current Opinion in Food Science, 33, 156-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2020.05.002
School enrollment in the spring. (1928, February 25). Izvestiya No. 48 (3282), p. 1.
Shame on traitors. (1928, March 14). Trud, p. 1.
Soviet and foreign cultural figures on the occupation of Bessarabia. (1928, January 26). Izvestiya No. 22 (3256), p. 1.
Soviet power is the only salvation of revolutionary Russia. (1918, March 26). Izvestiya No. 57 (321), p. 1.
Soviet Union spartakiad. (1928, August 12). Trud, p. 1.
Specialists and the Shakhtinsk's case. (1928, March 30). Izvestiya, p. 1.
Spitsyn, E.Yu. (2019). Complete course of the history of Russia. Book 3: Russia-Soviet Union 1917-1945. Moscow: Kontseptual.
The Supreme Council of the National Economy hinders workers' inventions. (1928, June 6). Trud, p. 1.
Stewart, A., & Valian, V. (2018). An inclusive academy: Achieving diversity and excellence. Cambridge; London: The MIT Press.
Stewart, R., Wright, B., Smith, L., Roberts, S., & Russell, N. (2021). Gendered stereotypes and norms: A systematic review of interventions designed to shift attitudes and behavior. Heliyon, 7(4), e06660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06660
Strengthen the fight against illiteracy. (1928, January 28). Pravda No. 25 (3857), p. 1.
The threat of the cultural revolution. (1928, July 20). Trud, p. 1.
To fight obscurantism. (1928, April 11). Trud, p. 11.
To the food crisis. (1918, February 21 (8)). Izvestiya No. 30(294), p. 1.
The trial of the Kolchak people. (1920, June 22). Izvestiya No. 134 (981), p. 1.
Trud. (1928, March 11).
University and secondary school. (1928, February 14). Trud No. 38 (2075), p. 1.
Vocational education. (1928, March 6). Izvestiya No. 56 (3290), p. 1.
We will not allow building a church. (1928, March 31). Trud No. 77 (2114), p. 1.
The workers join the Communist Party of Bolsheviks in response to the Mining conspiracy. (1928, April 29). Izvestiya, p. 129.
The workers' response to the Shakhtinsk's case, the miners join the party. (1928, April 25). Izvestiya, p. 1.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/Revrima.v3i36.5771
Enlaces refback
- No hay ningún enlace refback.
Revista Relações Internacionais do Mundo Atual e-ISSN: 2316-2880
Rua Chile, 1678, Rebouças, Curitiba/PR (Brasil). CEP 80.220-181