THE EFFECTS OF CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES ON THE JUDICIARY SYSTEM IN ALBANIA: THE PROCESS OF VETTING

Evis GARUNJA

Resumo


Objective: in order to increase confidence in the institutions of justice, Albanian politics have undertaken a series of constitutional changes that aimed at a radical reform of the judicial system in Albania, unique in its kind, as the guarantor of the independence of the constitutional institutions, strengthening the healthy part and fulfilling one of the obligations for the European accession of Albania. The main focus of the last few years has been focused on control / Vetting, that is, the exclusion from the judicial system of individuals who do not meet one of the three constitutional criteria (wealth, moral integrity and professionalism), omitting other important aspects of the reform, new entrants to the system, the career system, the improvement of quality in judicial decisions, transparency and independence and professionalism. Vetting, control per se, is not a reform of justice, but only one of its constitutive phases. How is the Vetting process affecting judicial standards, how are the new Albanian justice institutions reacting, what is the public opinion on this progress or the benefits of society from this process?

Methodology: the deductive method is used,  with a bibliographical and documental approach, by reviewing books, journals and the legislation.

Results: The transition period from vetting – so, from the creation of new organs to their full functioning - is used by the justice system to continue to take advantage of situations where denial of justice is still possible or to carry out acts which could integrate the extremes of the crime of corruption. These subjects should resign with the approaches of the control procedures. The lack of a clear link between the decision to dismiss the KPK / KPA and the consequence of bringing those who have broken the law to the justice has given space and immunity to people who, although they have no more the minimum requirements to do it (beginning from moral integrity), still holding the power, compromising in this way the public support for justice reform

Contributions: the research gives as contribution a study of the Albania Democratiazaton, as wells of its Constitution enacted in 198.

Keywords: Albania; Constitution; Vetting; Transtion period.

  

RESUMO

Objetivo: a fim de aumentar a confiança nas instituições de justiça, a política albanesa empreendeu uma série de mudanças constitucionais que visavam uma reforma radical do sistema judicial na Albânia, único em seu tipo, como o garante da independência das instituições constitucionais, fortalecendo a parte saudável e cumprindo uma das obrigações para a adesão europeia da Albânia. O foco principal dos últimos anos tem sido o controle / Vetting, ou seja, a exclusão do sistema judicial de pessoas que não atendam a um dos três critérios constitucionais (riqueza, integridade moral e profissionalismo), omitindo outros importantes aspectos da reforma, novos ingressos no sistema, o sistema de carreiras, a melhoria da qualidade nas decisões judiciais, transparência e independência e profissionalismo. A fiscalização, o controle per se, não é uma reforma da justiça, mas apenas uma de suas fases constitutivas. Como está o processo de Vetting afetando os padrões judiciais, como as novas instituições de justiça albanesas estão reagindo, qual é a opinião pública sobre este progresso ou os benefícios da sociedade neste processo?

Metodologia: é utilizado o método dedutivo, com abordagem bibliográfica e documental, através da revisão de livros, periódicos e da legislação.

Resultados: O período de transição do vetting - ou seja, da criação dos novos órgãos ao seu pleno funcionamento - é utilizado pelo sistema de justiça para continuar a tirar proveito das situações em que a negação da justiça ainda é possível ou para a prática de atos que integrem o extremos do crime de corrupção. Esses sujeitos devem conformar-se com as abordagens dos procedimentos de controle. A falta de uma ligação clara entre a decisão de demitir o KPK / KPA e a consequência de levar aqueles que infringiram a lei à justiça deu espaço e imunidade às pessoas que, embora não tenham mais os requisitos mínimos para fazê-lo ( partindo da integridade moral), ainda detendo o poder, comprometendo desta forma o apoio público à reforma da justiça

Contribuições: a pesquisa traz como contribuição um estudo da democratização da Albânia, bem como de sua Constituição promulgada em 1988.  

 

Palavras-chave: Albânia; Constituição. Vetting. Período de transição.


Palavras-chave


Albanian constitution, Vetting, reform, judges, law standards

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/revistajur.2316-753X.v5i67.4987

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