¿PUEDE LA COSTUMBRE DE DERECHO INTERNACIONAL PÚBLICO FUNGIR COMO UNA FUENTE DE DERECHO SUFICIENTE A LA HORA DE REGULAR LA JUSTICIABILIDAD DE LOS ACTOS IURE IMPERII?
Résumé
Objetivos: El presente artículo provee a acreditar que, a diferencia de lo que sostiene cierta vertiente doctrinaria, no puede entenderse a la costumbre de derecho internacional público como la fuente de derecho principal —y mucho menos exclusiva y excluyente— en virtud de la cual determinar la condición de ser o no justiciable un acto soberano ejecutado en el ejercicio de las competencias iure imperii.
Metodología: A tal fin, el presente trabajo apelará a un examen comparativo de diversos leading cases tanto de la jurisprudencia del derecho continental europeo como del common law, examinándose, en tal sentido, las relaciones entre las disposiciones del derecho interno y el derecho internacional público, especialmente las atinentes a las normas ius cogens.
Resultados: Los resultados indican que, incluso en aquellos sistemas jurídicos que adscriben al monismo, la propia costumbre debe ser interpretada de conformidad a principios de derecho público internos que, en cuanto tales, obstan a entender a tal costumbre como un criterio determinante o unívoco a la hora de aceptarse o excluirse la mentada justiciabilidad del acto del soberano.
Consideraciones: Las consideraciones finales resaltan la complejidad de la relación entre derecho interno y derecho internacional público, enfatizando la necesidad de una interpretación cuidadosa de las normas que rigen la justiciabilidad de actos soberanos, a la luz de los principios del derecho público interno.
Palabras clave: inmunidad soberana de jurisdicción; principios de derecho público; normas ius cogens; common law; derecho continental europeo.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: This article aims to demonstrate that, contrary to what certain doctrinal perspectives hold, customary international law cannot be understood as the principal source of law — much less an exclusive and exclusionary one — by which to determine whether a sovereign act executed in the exercise of its iure imperii competencies is justiciable.
Methodology: To this end, the present work will appeal to a comparative examination of various leading cases from both continental European law and common law jurisprudence, focusing on the relationships between domestic law provisions and public international law, particularly regarding ius cogens norms.
Results: The results indicate that, even in legal systems that adhere to monism, custom must be interpreted in accordance with principles of internal public law which, as such, prevent understanding such custom as a determining or unequivocal criterion when accepting or excluding the justiciability of a sovereign act.
Considerations: The final considerations emphasize the complexity of the relationship between domestic law and public international law, highlighting the need for a careful interpretation of the norms governing the justiciability of sovereign acts, in light of the principles of internal public law.
Keywords: sovereign immunity from jurisdiction; public law principles; jus cogens rules; common law; European continental law.
Mots-clés
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/revistajur.2316-753X.v3i80.7346
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