FACTORS OF CYBERCRIME IN UKRAINE

BOHDAN HOLOVKIN, SERHII CHERNIAVSKYI, OLEKSII TAVOLZHANSKYI

Resumen


The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to form a holistic scientific approach to explaining the factors of cybercrime in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the accelerated digital transformation of the economy and society, the intensification of hybrid cyber threats, and the existence of a general upward trend in cybercrime. The purpose of the article is to identify, analyse and classify the factors of cybercrime, and to assess their impact on the level of cyberattacks and cybercrime. To achieve this goal, the author uses general scientific methods of cognition (system analysis, classification, synthesis, comparison) and special methods of criminological research (document study, factor analysis, statistical methods, expert opinions). It is found that the most significant impact on the growth of cybercrime is exerted by political (geopolitical and military-political), economic, socio-cultural, socio-psychological, technological factors, which are expressed in the escalation of geopolitical struggle, Russia's use of cyber means to gain an information advantage in the war against Ukraine, and functioning in the dark web of the criminal market of goods and services, insufficient social control over the digital environment, increased connectivity, ease of cyberattacks, low income, social exclusion, informal norms and values, opportunistic attitudes, criminogenic stereotypes of thinking and behaviour in cyberspace during electronic communications and online business. It is stated that favourable conditions for committing cybercrime are the depletion of resources and overload of cybersecurity entities of Ukraine due to the protracted war, vulnerabilities in computer and mobile device software, shortcomings in the cyber security system of public and private information resources, critical infrastructure facilities, and users' non-compliance with the rules of safe behaviour.


Palabras clave


factors of cybercrime, Russian cyber aggression, criminal market, hacker groups, cyber vulnerabilities, electronic communications.

Texto completo:

PDF (Português (Brasil))

Referencias


Anton, P. (2020). Cybercrime annual revenue is 3 times bigger than Walmart’s. Retrieved from https://atlasvpn.com/blog/cybercrime-annual-revenue-is-3-times-bigger-than-walmarts

Black, D. (2023). Russia's War in Ukraine: Examining the Success of Ukrainian Cyber Defences. Retrieved from https://www.iiss.org/research-paper//2023/03/russias-war-in-ukraine-examining-the-success-of-ukrainian-cyber-defences

Burdin, M., Gnusov, Yu., & Kalyakin, S. (2018). Certain aspects of combating new generation cyber attacks. Actual issues of combating cybercrime and human trafficking: Proceedings of the All-Ukrainian scientific and practical conference (pp. 23-26). Kharkiv: Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs.

Chyzhmar, K., Dniprov, O., Korotiuk, O., Shapoval, R., & Sydorenko, O. (2020). State information security as a challenge of information and computer technology development. Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues, 9(3), 819–828

Council Directive 2008/114/EС on the identification and designation of European critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection. (2008). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32008L0114

Decree of the President of Ukraine "On the Decision of the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine of 14 May 2021 'On the Cybersecurity Strategy of Ukraine'". (2021a). Cybersecurity Strategy of Ukraine. Secure cyberspace is the key to the country's successful development. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/447/2021#Text

Decree of the President of Ukraine "On the Decision of the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine of 15 October 2021 "On the Information Security Strategy". (2021b). Strategy of Information Security. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/n0080525-21#Text

Directive 2016/1148 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union. (2016). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32016L1148

Directive on privacy and electronic communications. (2002). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32002L0058

European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Baldini, G., Barrero, J., Draper, G., et al. (2020). Cybersecurity, our digital anchor: a European perspective. Retrieved from https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/352218

Europol. (2021). Internet Organised Crime Threat Assessment (IOCTA). Retrieved from https://www.europol.europa.eu/publications-events/main-reports/iocta-report

Fourteenth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. (2021). Kyoto Declaration on Advancing Crime Prevention, Criminal Justice, and the Rule of Law: Towards the Achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/Congress/21-02815_Kyoto_Declaration_ebook_rev_cover.pdf

Gazizova, Yu. (2020). Cybercrime in Ukraine. The era of digital technologies is the era of new crimes. Lawyer And Law, 12. Retrieved from https://uz.ligazakon.ua/ua/magazine_article/%20EA013606

General Data Protection Regulation. (2016). Retrieved from https://gdpr-info.eu

Holovkin, B. M., Tavolzhanskyi O. V., & Lysodyed O. V. (2021). Corruption as a Cybersecurity Threat in the New World Order. Connections: The Quarterly Journal, 20(2), 75-87.

Interpol. (2020). Cybercrime: COVID-19 Impact. Retrieved from https://content.next.westlaw.com/practical-law/document/I19be3764d6f111eabea4f0dc9fb69570/COVID-19-Interpol-report-on-cybercrime-analysis?viewType=FullText&transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true

Kondratenko, M. (2021). During the year, the number of Ukrainians on social networks increased by seven million. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/uk/za-rik-karantynu-kilkist-ukraintsiv-u-sotsmerezhakh-zrosla-na-sim-milioniv/a-56899697

Microsoft Digital Defense Report. (2021). Retrieved from https://query.prod.cms.rt.microsoft.com/cms/api/am/binary/RWMFIi

On registered criminal offences and the results of their pre-trial investigation for the period 2014-2022. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://gp.gov.ua/ua/posts/pro-zareyestrovani-kriminalni-pravoporushennya-ta-rezultati-yih-dosudovogo-rozsliduvannya-2

Order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "On Approval of the Concept of Development of the Digital Economy and Society of Ukraine for 2018-2020 and Approval of the Action Plan for its Implementation". (2018). Concept of development of the digital economy and society of Ukraine for 2018-2020. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/67-2018-р#Text

Regulation (EU) 910/214 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market. (2014). Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32014R0910

Revenue from cybercrime is eleven times greater than security costs. (2019). Retrieved from https://cybercalm.org/novyny/dohid-vid-kiberzlochyniv-v-odynadtsyat-raziv-perevyshhuye-vytraty-na-bezpeku/

Sinha, A., Nguyen, T. H., Kar, D., Brown, M., Tambe, M., & Jiang, A.X. (2015). From Physical Security to Cybersecurity. Journal of Cybersecurity 1(1), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyv007

Stanislavsky, Yu. (2021). The number of Internet users in the world reached 4.66 billion. Retrieved from https://root-nation.com/ua/news-ua/it-news-ua/ua-new-internet-records/#lwptoc

State Centre of Cyber Defence. (2022). Statistical report on the results of the System for Detecting Vulnerabilities and Responding to Cyber Incidents and Cyber Attacks in 2022. Retrieved from https://scpc.gov.ua/article/233

The Center for Strategic and International Studies, & the American corporation McAfee. (2020). The Hidden Costs of Cybercrime. Retrieved from https://www.mcafee.com/enterprise/en-us/assets/reports/rp-hidden-costs-of-cybercrime.pdf.

The Convention on Cybercrime. (2001). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_575#Text

The European Commission and the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. (2020). The EU’s Cybersecurity Strategy for the Digital Decade. Retrieved from https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/eus-cybersecurity-strategy-digital-decade-0

The international tribunal should consider Russia's cyberattacks on Ukraine as a war crime. (2023). Retrieved from https://ssu.gov.ua/novyny/mizhnarodnyi-trybunal-maie-rozghliadaty-kiberataky-rf-na-ukrainu-yak-voiennyi-zlochyn-illia-vitiuk

Thirteenth United Nations Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. (2015). Doha Declaration on Integrating Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice into the Wider United Nations Agenda to Address Social and Economic Challenges and to Promote the Rule of Law at the National and International Levels, and Public Participation. Retrieved from https://www.unodc.org/documents/congress/Declaration/V1504151_English.pdf

Vakulyk, O., Petrenko, P., Kuzmenko, I., Pochtovyi, M., & Orlovskyi, R. (2020). Cybersecurity As A Component Of The National Security Of The State. Journal of Security & Sustainability Issues 9 (3), 775-784




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/Revrima.v3i41.6401

Enlaces refback

  • No hay ningún enlace refback.




Revista Relações Internacionais do Mundo Atual e-ISSN: 2316-2880

Rua Chile, 1678, Rebouças, Curitiba/PR (Brasil). CEP 80.220-181

Licença Creative Commons

Este obra está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.