THE CYCLES AND THE UNAVOIDABLE DICHOTOMIES BETWEEN AZOREAN AUTONOMY AND THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE 'TERREIRO DO PAÇO': A CASE STUDY ON CONFLICTS OVER MARITIME SPATIAL PLANNING POLICIES

Abstract

Objective: The article aims to analyze the tensions and conflicts between the political-administrative autonomy of the Azores and the sovereignty of the Portuguese Republic, focusing specifically on the management of the Azorean maritime domain. It seeks to identify the main causes and consequences of these institutional conflicts and to reflect on potential alternatives that could strengthen regional autonomy without compromising national integrity.

Method: The study adopts a qualitative approach, combining a historical overview of Azorean autonomy with a case study analysis of recent legal and institutional conflicts over maritime spatial planning policies (POEM). It examines constitutional and statutory provisions, relevant jurisprudence (notably decisions of the Constitutional Court), and the conclusions of the Special Commission for Monitoring Maritime Spatial Planning Policies (CEAPOEM). The analysis is supported by legal scholarship and official reports.

Results:The research demonstrates that, despite the constitutional recognition of Azorean autonomy, this status has been subject to increasing challenges from central authorities, particularly in relation to the governance and management of maritime resources. The jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court has consistently favored a centralist interpretation of the relevant constitutional and statutory provisions, thereby restricting the effective scope of regional powers. Furthermore, the CEAPOEM report evidences a broad regional consensus regarding the inadequacy of the current constitutional and legal frameworks to address the specific needs and legitimate aspirations of the Azores in the field of maritime management.

Conclusions: The article concludes that the management of the Azorean maritime space is not merely a technical or legal issue, but a matter of political, identity-related, and strategic significance. Strengthening regional autonomy in this domain requires both institutional innovation (such as joint commissions) and broader strategies to raise awareness of Azorean specificities. Ultimately, solutions that benefit the Azores will also reinforce Portuguese democracy and national cohesion.