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A DIPLOMACIA DA ÁGUA NA ABORDAGEM DE AMEAÇAS E DESAFIOS EXTERNOS E INTERNOS PARA O CAZAQUISTÃO NO CONTEXTO DA APLICAÇÃO DAS DIRETRIZES EUROPEIAS SOBRE A ÁGUA
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Objetivo: O artigo busca analisar de forma abrangente as instituições de diplomacia da água no Cazaquistão e na Ásia Central, comparando-as com as diretrizes europeias de gestão de recursos hídricos, com foco na governança transfronteiriça como elemento chave para a segurança e estabilidade regional.
Método: Foi adotada uma abordagem interdisciplinar com métodos estruturais, históricos, lógicos e multidimensionais. Utilizaram-se também análises comparativa, estatística e causal, além de avaliações de especialistas e monitoramento de dados. Casos como o do rio Rhône e a crise do Mar de Aral foram analisados como estudos comparativos.
Resultados: O estudo evidenciou que a escassez de água e a governança fragmentada geram vulnerabilidades regionais. A falta de acordos multilaterais robustos e a ausência de cooperação com países como o Afeganistão ampliam os riscos hídricos. O exemplo do rio Rhône demonstra como a regulação pode evoluir de conflitos para modelos sustentáveis de gestão. O artigo também destaca o canal Kush-Tepa como nova fonte de tensão regional.
Conclusão: A diplomacia da água é essencial para garantir estabilidade na Ásia Central. A cooperação multilateral e a adoção de estruturas legais inspiradas em modelos europeus, como as diretrizes da UE, são fundamentais para a governança eficiente e sustentável dos recursos hídricos. O fortalecimento institucional e o planejamento regional integrado são caminhos recomendados para a preservação da segurança hídrica no Cazaquistão.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/Revrima.v4i46.7894
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