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PRINCIPALES DESAFÍOS DE LOS SISTEMAS PENSIONARIOS: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LA LITERATURA
Abstract
Este estudio buscó identificar los principales desafíos que enfrentan los sistemas de pensiones. Sintetizando la evidencia empírica existente, identificando barreras significativas y estrategias efectivas, así como extraer lecciones que puedan guiar el diseño de políticas públicas para mejorar la cobertura y sostenibilidad de estos sistemas. Esta investigación está alineada con el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 1, particularmente la meta 1.3, que promueve la garantía de una protección social equitativa para todos, atendiendo especialmente a las poblaciones más vulnerables. La revisión se realizó siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA, considerando publicaciones de los principales repositorios tales como Scopus, Web Of Science, priorizando estudios publicados en el período de 2019 a 2023. La selección de los estudios se efectuó según criterios de elegibilidad. Como resultado de esta investigación, se ha identificado que los principales desafíos del sistema de pensiones son de origen demográfico, social y económico. Entre ellos, destaca el aumento significativo de la población mayor, que ha dejado de aportar al sistema, así como la reducción de la población joven económicamente activa. Esta situación representa un gran desafío para los sistemas pensionarios. Diversos estudios han propuesto reformas, que incluyen la extensión de la vida laboral, como una posible solución para abordar estos problemas.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/rbp.v15i1.7358
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