AUMENTANDO O NÍVEL DE SEGURANÇA: DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MECANISMOS INSTITUCIONAIS PARA PREVENIR O EXTREMISMO AMBIENTAL
Resumen
O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a eficácia das estratégias preventivas existentes e identificar áreas prioritárias para seu aprimoramento. A base metodológica fundamenta-se em um desenho misto consistente, que inclui uma pesquisa com 47 especialistas em combate ao terrorismo e ao extremismo e três grupos focais com 24 especialistas cada. Utilizamos métodos de estatística descritiva, análise de correlação e análise temática de dados qualitativos. Os resultados do estudo demonstram uma diferenciação significativa na eficácia dos mecanismos institucionais, com as maiores pontuações para unidades antiterroristas especializadas (4,6 pontos) e indicadores criticamente baixos de cooperação jurídica internacional (2,9 pontos). A análise dos fatores de radicalização mostrou o domínio de determinantes institucionais, incluindo a ineficácia das formas tradicionais de ativismo ambiental (87,2% das menções dos especialistas) e a resposta inadequada das instituições estatais aos problemas ambientais (78,7% das menções). A análise regional mostrou a predominância de abordagens centralizadas na Rússia e na Ásia Central e a prevalência de estratégias integrativas multiníveis no contexto europeu. As áreas prioritárias para melhoria são o desenvolvimento da cooperação jurídica internacional, o estabelecimento de estruturas interdepartamentais especializadas e o aprimoramento dos sistemas de alerta precoce. A relevância teórica deste estudo reside na sistematização de abordagens conceituais para a análise do extremismo ambiental e no desenvolvimento de um modelo para avaliar a eficácia de medidas preventivas. A relevância prática é determinada pelo potencial de aplicação dos resultados na otimização de políticas governamentais no combate ao extremismo ambiental.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/Revrima.v4i50.8232
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