O NEONACIONALISMO E SEUS CRÍTICOS: SOBERANIA, IDENTIDADE E RECONFIGURAÇÃO DA ORDEM INTERNACIONAL
Abstract
O nacionalismo permanece como um dos princípios estruturantes da modernidade política e do sistema internacional contemporâneo. Longe de constituir resíduo histórico ou mera reação episódica à globalização, ele tem sido reconfigurado sob as condições específicas da globalização neoliberal. Este artigo distingue analiticamente o uso descritivo da expressão “novo nacionalismo” da categoria conceitual “neonacionalismo”, entendida como forma política da crise do neoliberalismo em Estados-nação já consolidados. Argumenta-se que o neonacionalismo se caracteriza pela rearticulação da soberania como princípio defensivo, pela intensificação da política identitária e pela contestação seletiva da ordem liberal internacional. Ao articular dimensões econômicas, institucionais e simbólicas, o artigo demonstra que o neonacionalismo não representa ruptura com a modernidade política, mas expressão das tensões constitutivas entre soberania nacional e interdependência global. Conclui-se que seus efeitos contribuem para a fragmentação da ordem internacional e para a reconfiguração das condições de cooperação em contextos de interdependência estrutural.
Palavras-chave: Neonacionalismo; Neoliberalismo; Soberania; Ordem Liberal Internacional; Política Identitária; Interdependência Global.
ABSTRACTNationalism remains one of the structuring principles of political modernity and the contemporary international system. Far from constituting a historical residue or a mere episodic reaction to globalization, it has been reconfigured under the conditions of neoliberal globalization. This article analytically distinguishes between the descriptive use of the term “new nationalism” and the conceptual category of “neo-nationalism,” understood as a political form of the crisis of neoliberalism within already consolidated nation-states. It argues that neo-nationalism is characterized by the rearticulation of sovereignty as a defensive principle, the intensification of identity politics, and the selective contestation of the liberal international order. By integrating economic, institutional, and symbolic dimensions, the article demonstrates that neo-nationalism does not represent a rupture with political modernity but rather expresses the constitutive tensions between national sovereignty and global interdependence. It concludes that neo-nationalism contributes to the fragmentation of the international order and to the reconfiguration of the conditions of cooperation in contexts of structural interdependence.
Keywords: Neo-nationalism; Neoliberalism; Sovereignty; Liberal International Order; Identity Politics; Global Interdependence.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/Revrima.v4i54.8322
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