Hide
Show all
Email this article 
Problemas de regulamentação legal da inteligência artificial, robôs e objetos robóticos no campo das relações sociais
Abstract
Objetivo do estudo: Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os princípios básicos do desenvolvimento da regulamentação legal da inteligência artificial, robôs e objetos robóticos no campo das relações sociais. Metodologia: O tema da pesquisa é a legislação internacional e estrangeira, legislação da Federação Russa, bem como documentos estratégicos e projetos de formação e desenvolvimento de regulamentação legal. No processo de pesquisa foram utilizados métodos legais e de análise estrutural, bem como análise especializada e de eventos. Resultados: O artigo apresenta uma análise de possíveis áreas de relações sociais nas quais as tecnologias de inteligência artificial e objetos robóticos já são aplicáveis, revela problemas terminológicos que não permitem uma abordagem unificada da regulamentação legal da inteligência artificial e formula propostas para o desenvolvimento de legislação no campo das tecnologias de inteligência artificial. Conclusões: Os autores concluem que, devido às diferenças significativas na terminologia e variedades de inteligência artificial, robôs e objetos robóticos, é necessário percorrer o caminho de desenvolver apenas princípios básicos de regulamentação legal aplicáveis a todos os tipos de inteligência artificial e objetos robóticos.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
SCHWAB, K. Chetvertaya promyshlennaya revolyutsiya [The fourth industrial revolution]. Translated from English. Moscow: Izd-vo ‘E’. 2017.
SAVKIN, A. Otvet Grefu. Pochemu elektronnoe pravosudie nevozmozhno [Our response to H. Gref. Why is digital justice inapplicable?]. December 2017. Available at: https://www.forbes.ru/tehnologii/353819-otvet-grefu-pochemu-elektronnoe-pravosudie-nevozmozhno
Centre for Public Impact. Destination unknown: exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on government working paper. September 2017. Available at: https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/assets/documents/Destination-Unknown-AI-and-government.pdf
LONDON, D. Powering AI for government. June 2018. Available at: https://www.cio.com/article/3279546/powering-ai-for-government.html
MORKHAT, P.M. Pravo i iskusstvennyi intellekt: tezaurus [Law and artificial intelligence: thesaurus]. Moscow: Buki Vedi. 2019.
OSIPOV, G.S.; VELICHKOVSKII, B.M. Iskusstvennyi Intellekt [Artificial Intelligence]. 2004. Available at: https://bigenc.ru/mathematics/text/2022537
Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology. GOST R 43.0.7-2011 "Informatsionnoe obespechenie tekhniki i operatorskoi deyatelnosti. Gibridno-intellektualizirovannoe cheloveko-informatsionnoe vzaimodeistvie. Obshchie polozheniya" (utv. i vveden v deistvie Prikazom Rosstandarta ot 13.12.2011 No. 1242-st) [All-Union State Standard R 43.0.7-2011 "Informational ensuring of equipment and operational activity. Hybrid intellectualized man – information interaction. General principles" (adopted and implemented by Order of the Federal Agency on Technical Regulation and Metrology of December 13, 2011 No. 1242-st)]. Moscow: Standartinform. 2011.
Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology. GOST R 43.0.8-2017. Natsionalnyi standart Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Informatsionnoe obespechenie tekhniki i operatorskoi deyatelnosti. Iskusstvenno-intellektualizirovannoe chelovekoinformatsionnoe vzaimodeistvie. Obshchie polozheniya. (utv. i vveden v deistvie Prikazom Rosstandarta ot 27.07.2017 No. 757-st) [All-Union State Standard R 43.0.8-2017 "National standard of the Russian Federation. Informational ensuring of equipment and operational activity. Artificial intellect on interaction man and information. General principles" (adopted and implemented by Order of the Federal Agency on Technical Regulation and Metrology of July 27, 2017 No. 757-st)]. Moscow: Standartinform. 2017.
Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology. GOST R 60.0.0.2-2016 "Natsionalnyi standart Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Roboty i robototekhnicheskie ustroistva. Klassifikatsiya" (utv. i vveden v deistvie Prikazom Rosstandarta ot 29.11.2016 N 1842-st) [All-Union State Standard R 60.0.0.2-2016 "National standard of the Russian Federation. Robots and robotic devices. Classification" (adopted and implemented by Order of the Federal Agency on Technical Regulation and Metrology of November 29, 2016 No. 1842-st)]. Moscow: Standartinform. 2016.
WENG, Y.-H.; CHEN, CH.-H.; SUN, CH.-T. The legal crisis of next generation robots. Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law - ICAIL ’07 (p. 205-209). ACM Press. 2007.
European Parliament (2017). European Parliament Resolution of 16 February 2017 with recommendations to the Commission on civil law rules on robotics. February 2017. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2017-0051_EN.html
LAPINA, M.A. Teoretiko-pravovye aspekty upravleniya riskami [Theoretical and legal aspects of risk management]. Gosudarstvo i pravo, vol. 2, p. 35-44, 2015.
BOSTROM, N. Superintelligence: paths, dangers, strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
GUIHOT, M.; MATTHEW, A.; SUZOR, N.P. Nudging robots: innovative solutions to regulate artificial intelligence. Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment and Technology Law, vol. 20, n. 2, p. 385-456, 2017.
MORKHAT, P.M. Iskusstvennyi intellekt: pravovoi vzglyad [Artificial intelligence: juridical view]. Moscow: Buki Vedi. 2017.
YASTREBOV, O.A. Diskussiya o predposylkakh dlya prisvoeniya robotam pravovogo statusa “Elektronnykh lits” [Discussion on prerequisites for giving robots the legal status of “Digital person”]. Voprosy pravovedeniya, vol. 1, n. 39, p. 189-202, 2017.
YASTREBOV, O.A. Iskusstvennyi intellekt v pravovom prostranstve: kontseptualnye i teoreticheskie podkhody [Artificial intelligence in the legal framework: conceptual and theoretical approaches]. Proceedings of the 12th annual readings dedicated to S.N. Bratus (p. 271-274). Moscow: Statut. 2017.
CALO, R. Artificial intelligence policy: a roadmap. SSRN Electronic Journal, 2017. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3015350
BROWN, W. Undoing the demos: neoliberalism’s stealth revolution. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London, England: Zone Books. 2015.
RHODES, R.A.W. (1996). The new governance: governing without government. Political Studies, vol. 44, n. 4, p. 652-657.
LAPINA, M.A. Gosudarstvennoe upravlenie v perekhodnyi period k informatsionnomu obshchestvu [Public administration during the transition to the information society]. Sotsiodinamika, vol. 1, p. 1-22, 2016.
LAPINA, M.A.; POPOVA, N.F. Sovremennaya strategiya razvitiya gosudarstvennogo upravleniya [The modern strategy of developing public administration]. Moscow: Finuniversitet, 2017.
BACHILO, I.L.; LAPINA, M.A. (eds.). Aktualnye problemy informatsionnogo prava [The pressing issues of cyber law]. 2. ed. Moscow: Yustitsiya. 2019, p. 239.
President of the Russian Federation. Ukaz Prezidenta Rossiiskoi Federatsii ot 09.05.2017 No. 203 "O Strategii razvitiya informatsionnogo obshchestva v Rossiiskoi Federatsii na 2017 – 2030 gody" [Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 203 "On the Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation for 2017-2030"]. Sobranie Zakonodatel’stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii [SZ RF] [Collection of Legislation of the RF] 15.05.2017, No. 20, Item 2901, 2017.
President of the Russian Federation. Poslanie Prezidenta RF Federalnomu Sobraniyu ot 01.03.2018 [The annual Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of March 1, 2018]. Rossiiskaia Gazeta [Ros. Gaz.] 02.03.2017 No. 46, 2018, p. 2.
President of the Russian Federation (2019). Poslanie Prezidenta RF Federalnomu Sobraniyu ot 20.02.2019 [The annual Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of February 20, 2019]. Rossiiskaia Gazeta [Ros. Gaz.] 20.02.2019 No. 38.
President of the Russian Federation (2019). Perechen poruchenii po realizatsii Poslaniya Prezidenta Federalnomu Sobraniyu (utv. Prezidentom RF 27.02.2019 No. Pr-294) [The list of errands realizing the Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (No. Pr-294 adopted by President of the Russian Federation on February 27, 2019)]. February 2019. Available at: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/assignments/orders/59898
KATZ, D.M.; BOMMARITO, M.J.; BLACKMAN, J. A general approach for predicting the behavior of the Supreme Court of the United States. PlOs One, vol. 12, n. 4, p. e0174698, 2017.
MARKS, M. Artificial intelligence based suicide prediction. Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law and Ethics, vol. 98, 2019.
EGGERS, W.D.; SCHATSKY, D.; VIECHNICKI, P. AI-augmented government. Using cognitive technologies to redesign public sector work. Deloitte University Press. 2017. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/3832_AI-augmented-government/DUP_AI-augmented-government.pdf
SADILEK, A.; KAUTZ, H.; DIPRETE, L.; LABUS, B.; PORTMAN, E.; TEITEL, J.; SILENZIO, V. Deploying nEmesis: preventing foodborne illness by data mining social media. AI Magazine, vol. 38, n. 1, p. 37-48, 2017.
PONKIN, I.V.; PONKINA, A.A.; LAPTEV, V.S. Kontsepty elektronnogo zdravookhraneniya i elektronnogo zdorovya cheloveka [Concepts of e-healthcare and e-health]. Narkologiya, vol. 13, no. 6(150), p. 34-40, 2014.
GRISHCHENKO, G.A. Iskusstvennyi intellekt v gosudarstvennom upravlenii [Artificial intelligence in public administration]. Rossiiskii yuridicheskii zhurnal, vol. 6, n. 123, p. 27-31, 2018.
VASIN, S.G. Iskusstvennyi Intellekt v upravlenii gosudarstvom [Artificial intelligence in governance]. Upravlenie, vol. 5, n. 3, p. 5-10, 2017.
Executive Office of the President of the United States. National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology. Preparing for the future of artificial intelligence. October 2016. Available at: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/whitehouse_files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/preparing_for_the_future_of_ai.pdf
Executive Office of the President of the United States. Artificial intelligence, automation, and the economy. December 2016. Available at: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/documents/Artificial-Intelligence-Automation-Economy.PDF
EGGERS, W.D.; SCHATSKY, D.; VIECHNICKI, P. AI-augmented government. Using cognitive technologies to redesign public sector work. Deloitte University Press. 2017. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/3832_AI-augmented-government/DUP_AI-augmented-government.pdf
Center for Strategic Research. Gosudarstvo kak platforma. (Kiber)Gosudarstvo dlya tsifrovoi ekonomiki. Tsifrovaya transformatsiya [State as a platform. Cyberstate for digital economy. Digital transformation]. May 2018. Available at: https://roscongress.org/materials/gosudarstvo-kak-platforma-kiber-gosudarstvo-dlya-tsifrovoy-ekonomiki-tsifrovaya-transformatsiya/
LADOV, V.A. Kriticheskii analiz logiko-epistemologicheskikh osnovanii filosofii iskustvennogo intellekta Kh. Dreifusa [The critical analysis of logical and gnoseological foundations of H. Dreyfus’ philosophy of artificial intelligence]. Gumanitarnaya informatika, vol. 7, p. 28-34, 2013.
SHKLYARUK, M.S. Gosudarstvo kak platforma: lyudi i tekhnologii [State as a platform: people and technologies]. Moscow: RANKhiGS. 2019.
JAJAL, T.D. Distinguishing between Narrow AI, General AI and Super AI. May 2018. Available at: https://medium.com/@tjajal/distinguishing-between-narrow-ai-general-ai-and-super-ai-a4bc44172e22
TASS. Rospatent planiruet vnedrit iskusstvennyi intellekt dlya avtomatizatsii otvetov po patentam [The Russian Federal Service for Intellectual Property is going to use artificial intelligence to automate patent-related responses]. July 2019. Available at: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/6671410
President of the Russian Federation. Perechen poruchenii po itogam soveshchaniya po voprosam razvitiya tekhnologii v oblasti iskusstvennogo intellekta [The post-meeting errands on developing artificial intelligence technologies]. June 2019. Available at: http://kremlin.ru/acts/assignments/orders/60748
Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation. Pasport federalnogo proekta "Tsifrovye tekhnologii" (utv. prezidiumom Pravitelstvennoi komissii po tsifrovomu razvitiyu, ispolzovaniyu informatsionnykh tekhnologii dlya uluchsheniya kachestva zhizni i uslovii vedeniya predprinimatelskoi deyatelnosti, protokol ot 28.05.2019 No. 9) [The federal project charter "Digital technologies" (adopted by the presidium of the Government committee on digitalization and using IT for enhancing living standards and entrepreneurial activities, Record of May 28, 2019 No. 9)]. May 2019. Available at: https://digital.ac.gov.ru/poleznaya-informaciya/4106
Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation. Pasport federalnogo proekta "Normativnoe regulirovanie tsifrovoi sredy" (utv. prezidiumom Pravitelstvennoi komissii po tsifrovomu razvitiyu, ispolzovaniyu informatsionnykh tekhnologii dlya uluchsheniya kachestva zhizni i uslovii vedeniya predprinimatelskoi deyatelnosti, protokol ot 28.05.2019 No. 9) [The federal project charter "The legal regulation of digital space" (adopted by the presidium of the Government committee on digitalization and using IT for enhancing living standards and entrepreneurial activities, Record of May 28, 2019 No. 9)]. July 2019. Available at: https://digital.gov.ru/ru/activity/directions/862
Government of the Russian Federation. Postanovlenie Pravitelstva RF ot 02.03.2019 No. 234 "O sisteme upravleniya realizatsiei natsionalnoi programmy "Tsifrovaya ekonomika Rossiiskoi Federatsii" (vmeste s "Polozheniem o sisteme upravleniya realizatsiei natsionalnoi programmy "Tsifrovaya ekonomika Rossiiskoi Federatsii") [Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 2, 2019 No. 234 "On the system of managing the implementation of the national program "The digital economy of the Russian Federation" (accompanied by "The provisions on managing the national program "The digital economy of the Russian Federation")]. Sobranie Zakonodatel’stva Rossiiskoi Federatsii [SZ RF] [Collection of Legislation of the RF] 18.03.2019, No. 11, Item 1119.
Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. Prikaz Minekonomrazvitiya Rossii ot 04.06.2019 No. 308 "Ob utverzhdenii Polozheniya o Departamente pravovykh osnov tsifrovoi ekonomiki Ministerstva ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossiiskoi Federatsii" [Decree of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation of June 4, 2019 No. 308 "On establishing the Provisions of the Department of legal and digital economic foundations of the Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of the Russian Federation"]. June 2019. Available at: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/560324290
Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation. Pasport federalnogo proekta "Tsifrovoe gosudarstvennoe upravlenie" (utv. prezidiumom Pravitelstvennoi komissii po tsifrovomu razvitiyu, ispolzovaniyu informatsionnykh tekhnologii dlya uluchsheniya kachestva zhizni i uslovii vedeniya predprinimatelskoi deyatelnosti. Protokol ot 28.05.2019 No. 9) [The federal project charter "Digital public administration" (adopted by the presidium of the Government committee on digitalization and using IT for enhancing living standards and entrepreneurial activities. Record of May 28, 2019 No. 9)]. May 2019. Available at: https://digital.gov.ru/ru/activity/directions/882
BORTALEVICH, S.I.; LAPIN, A.V.; KHARITONOV, S.S. Iskusstvennyi intellekt v sisteme obespecheniya ekonomicheskoi bezopasnosti [Artificial Intelligence in the System of Ensuring Economic Security]. Vestnik MIRBIS, vol. 2, n. 18, p. 18-26, 2019.
Die Bundesregierung. Eckpunkte der Bundesregierung für eine strategie künstliche intelligenz [Key points of the federal government for an artificial intelligence strategy]. July 2018. Available at: https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Downloads/E/eckpunktepapier-ki.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=10
CIFAR. Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy. 2018. Available at: https://www.jaist.ac.jp/~bao/AI/OtherAIstrategies/Pan-Canadian%20Artificial%20Intelligence%20Strategy.pdf
NITI Aayog. National strategy for Artificial Intelligence. June 2018. Available at: https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2019-01/NationalStrategy-for-AI-Discussion-Paper.pdf
Council for Science, Technology and Innovation, Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. Report on the 5th science and technology basic plan. December 2015. Available at: https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/kihonkeikaku/5basicplan_en.pdf
BUROV, V.; GAINULIN, D.; ZOTOV, A.; PROYDAKOV, E.; UTKIN, N.; RAEVSKY, A.; KHAN, E. Iskusstvennyi intellekt. K vyboru strategii [Artificial Intelligence. Selecting a strategy]. Moscow: Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. 2019.
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. Meet EMMA, our virtual assistant. April 2018. Available at: https://www.uscis.gov/tools/meet-emma-our-virtual-assistant
Government of Dubai. DEWA 1st Government Organization to Launch Rammas on Google’s Artificial Intelligence (AI) Platform to Answer Customer Queries. March 2018. Available at: https://www.dewa.gov.ae/en/about-dewa/news-and-media/press-and-news/latest-news/2018/03/dewa-1st-government-organisation-to-launch-rammas-on-googles-ai-platform-to-answer-customer-queries
The Australian Taxation Office. Home page. 2022. Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/
BRZOZOWSKI, A. EU set to test AI Guards to protect external borders. November 2018. Available at: https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/news/eu-set-to-test-ai-guards-to-protect-external-borders
SHEFTELOVICH, D. Obzor strategii II MO SShA [The overview of the strategy of the U.S. Department of Defense’s Artificial Intelligence]. February 2019. Available at: https://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/obzor-strategii-ii-mo-ssha/
BERKANA, A. Kto takoi novyi ministr AI v OAE i chem on budet zanimatsya? [Who is the UAE minister of state for artificial intelligence and what he is going to do?]. October 2017. Available at: https://rb.ru/story/10-faktov-pro-ministra-ai
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/Revrima.v1i34.5620
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Brazilian Journal of Law and International Relations e-ISSN: 2316-2880
Rua Chile, 1678, Rebouças, Curitiba/PR (Brazil). CEP 80.220-181