Banco mundial e agenda de reforma do judiciário latino-americano: uma breve análise do binômio retórica-ação

Abstract

RESUMO

No âmbito da agenda neoliberal de reforma do Estado para a América Latina, sobretudo na década de 90 (século XXI), destaca-se a plataforma dirigida especificamente aos Judiciários latino-americanos. Sob a justificativa de que o fortalecimento das instituições judiciais seria de fundamental importância para a consolidação da ordem democrática, a garantia dos direitos humanos e a sustentação do desenvolvimento econômico, uma série de atores internacionais (agências de cooperação, organizações internacionais, instituições financeiras, Estados, ONGs, etc.) desprendeu esforços para a consecução dessa reforma. Diante dessa conjuntura, diversos documentos publicados a partir do final da década de 90 alegavam que, de um modo geral, as instituições judiciárias da América Latina e Caribe não satisfaziam as crescentes necessidades do setor privado, do público e, em especial, a necessidade dos pobres. O presente artigo, fruto de nossa dissertação de Mestrado, buscará analisar o papel do Judiciário na condução da governabilidade democrática latino-americana e os interesses implícitos e explícitos das organizações internacionais (OIs), em especial do Banco Mundial, analisando, assim, as estratégias e discursos desse ator em prol da referida agenda para os Judiciários da região. A partir dessa análise, buscaremos refletir sobre os desdobramentos dessa agenda na condução dos processos de integração latino-americana, via padronização de procedimentos jurídicos.

Palavras-chave: reforma do Estado, reforma do Judiciário, América Latina, neoliberalismo, Banco Mundial.

ABSTRACT

The neoliberal agenda of state reform in Latin America, especially in the 90th (century), stands a platform aimed specifically for Judiciary Latin America. The justification that the strengthening of judicial institutions would be fundamental importance for the democratic order, human rights guarantees and support economic development. A great number of international actors (agencies, financial institutions, governments, NGOs, etc.) made efforts to achieve this reform.Various documents published since the late 90 claimed that, in general, the judicial institutions of Latin America and the Caribbean didn´t meet the private sector’ needs, the public sector´s needs and, in particular, the poor’s needs. It was necessary structure a reform plan that would privilege the judicial independence of judges, the efficiency of the courts, the speeds of processes, the changes in procedurals law, access to justice, among other sensitive issues in the conduct of the Judiciary. Among the major agencies that defend these discourses can be highlighted as a priority, the World Bank which, in the 90s, published three papers focused entirely on the Judiciary Latin America and their respective agenda of reform. Thus, between 1995 and 1996 were published two very important papers: the numbers 280 and 319 World Technical paper, the first brings the diagnoses made on the situation of the judiciary in Latin America and the second, one propose. In the same documents, the World Bank has proposed a prescription for reform of the Judiciary and assessed the experiences of reforms in two countries in the region. In the other hand, other international agencies such as the IDB, UNDP, US-AID, and even the UN itself and advocating the need for reform of judiciary, especially during the 90s. However, none of them reached the level of articulation and the ability rhetoric presented by the World Bank. This bank is also the agency with greater capacity to influence the field of development in the 90’s. In this paper, the result of our research masters, we intend to examine the role of the judiciary in the conduct of democratic governance in Latin America, the implicit and explicit interests of International Organizations and their strategies and discourses emanating from the World Bank in support of that agenda for the Judiciary in the region. Finally, we seek to reflect the possible implications World Bank’s rhetorical strategy of action in the process of catalysis Latin American’s integration.

Keywords: State reform, judicial reform, Latin America, neoliberalism, World Bank.