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FINDING A BALANCE BETWEEN PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION AND PUBLIC SAFETY IN THE AGE OF DIGITALIZATION: INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES AND THEIR ADAPTATION
Resumo
The paper examines the balance between personal data protection and ensuring public safety in the context of digitalization. Two opposing approaches are considered: the ethical and legal approach focused on the inviolability of personal data as a fundamental right and the utilitarian approach allowing the restriction of this right to increase security. The study, which included an expert survey (n=18) and a focus group (n=22), was conducted in 2024. The key problems of the current situation were identified, namely, insufficient transparency of data use and weak public control. The ranking of digitalization risks showed that the greatest concern is the expansion of opportunities for mass covert surveillance and the reduction of citizens' control over their data. A comparative analysis of international regulatory models revealed the advantages of the European approach (General Data Protection Regulation), but with the need to adapt it to national specifics. Practical recommendations for optimizing the balance were proposed, including increasing transparency, creating independent oversight, introducing a differentiated approach to data categories, and developing privacy by design technologies. It was concluded that it is necessary to integrate ethical and legal principles and practical aspects of security to form a balanced approach to personal data protection in the digital age.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/Revrima.v4i50.7787
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