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ESPECIFICIDADES PROCESSUAIS DOS PROCEDIMENTOS DE CASOS CRIMINAIS REMOTOS: QUESTÕES DE APLICAÇÃO LEGAL
Resumo
Objetivo: Analisar as especificidades processuais dos procedimentos criminais remotos na Ucrânia, especialmente sob condições de lei marcial, examinando desafios jurídicos, técnicos e organizacionais relacionados ao uso da videoconferência em processos criminais.
Métodos: O estudo utiliza métodos jurídico-dogmáticos, dialético-sistêmicos, análise lógico-formal, método histórico-jurídico, técnica comparada com experiências internacionais, análise sociológica da prática judicial e modelagem jurídica. Esses métodos permitiram examinar a evolução normativa, identificar problemas de aplicação e propor melhorias legislativas e procedimentais.
Resultados: O estudo demonstra que, antes da lei marcial, a legislação ucraniana restringia rigidamente o uso de videoconferências fora das instalações judiciais. Com a guerra, o Conselho de Juízes e a Suprema Corte autorizaram o uso de dispositivos pessoais, posteriormente incorporado ao Código de Processo Penal. Identificaram-se os principais problemas: autenticação dos participantes; garantias de direitos processuais; riscos de influência externa sobre testemunhas e réus; dificuldades de comunicação entre defensor e acusado; limitações na análise de provas; e obstáculos técnicos. Ao mesmo tempo, evidenciou-se o papel da videoconferência na continuidade da justiça, redução de atrasos, segurança dos participantes e ampliação do acesso ao julgamento.
Conclusão: Os procedimentos remotos possuem grande potencial para assegurar a razoável duração do processo e ampliar o acesso à justiça, especialmente em contexto de guerra. Contudo, exigem aperfeiçoamentos, incluindo: padronização de protocolos de autenticação, garantias de confidencialidade, acesso às provas, infraestrutura técnica adequada e regulamentação uniforme. O estudo reforça a necessidade de consolidar diretrizes legislativas e jurisprudenciais que mantenham o equilíbrio entre eficiência e garantias fundamentais do devido processo penal.
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PDFReferências
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/Revrima.v3i49.7693
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