THE ROLE OF DIPLOMACY IN DISPLACEMENTS / MIGRATIONS CAUSED BY THE COLLAPSE OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Alexandre ALTMANN, Vagner MACHADO

Resumo


ABSTRACT

Human wellbeing relies on ecosystems and their services. Without ecosystem services that meet the basic needs of the communities, there is no other option for people than to move to another location. This article has three objectives: first, to expose the relationship between and the collapse of ecosystem services and human mobility; second, to examine the legal limitations on international protection of people who move under the influence of these processes; and third, to expose the role of diplomacy in promoting the international protection of environmental migrants. To meet these objectives the authors carried out a qualitative and exploratory study, through bibliographic and documentary sources. The authors focused on “thematic analysis”, a method by which the following steps are performed: pre-analysis (floating reading, constitution of the corpus, hypothesis formulation) and exploration of the material (coding, classification, aggregation of data). In conclusion, it was verified that: i) there is an intimate relationship between the collapse of ecosystem services and human mobility; ii) the main international legal instruments that provide for the application of the principle of non-refoulement are not adequate to protect environmental migrants; iii) the construction of lasting solutions and the immediate protection of environmental migrants depend on diplomatic efforts. Diplomacy ends up being the main factor affecting the protection of these people, in the face of the lack of appropriate international standards. Given the existing normative gap regarding the protection of environmental migrants, it is politics, not the Law, that determines the fate of these people.

Keywords: Environmental Migration; Ecosystem Services; Diplomacy; Climate Change; Human Mobility.

 

RESUMO

O bem-estar humano depende dos ecossistemas e de seus serviços. Sem serviços ecossistêmicos que atendam às necessidades básicas das comunidades, não há outra opção para as pessoas a não ser se mudar para outro local. Este artigo tem três objetivos: primeiro, expor a relação e o colapso dos serviços ecossistêmicos e a mobilidade humana; em segundo lugar, examinar as limitações legais à proteção internacional das pessoas que se deslocam sob a influência desses processos; e terceiro, expor o papel da diplomacia na promoção da proteção internacional dos migrantes ambientais. Para atender a esses objetivos os autores realizaram um estudo qualitativo e exploratório, por meio de fontes bibliográficas e documentais. Os autores focaram na “análise temática”, método pelo qual são realizadas as seguintes etapas: pré-análise (leitura flutuante, constituição do corpus, formulação de hipóteses) e exploração do material (codificação, classificação, agregação dos dados). Em conclusão, verificou-se que: i) existe uma relação íntima entre o colapso dos serviços ecossistêmicos e a mobilidade humana; ii) os principais instrumentos jurídicos internacionais que prevêem a aplicação do princípio de não repulsão não são adequados para proteger os migrantes ambientais; iii) a construção de soluções duradouras e a proteção imediata dos migrantes ambientais dependem de esforços diplomáticos. A diplomacia acaba sendo o principal fator que afeta a proteção dessas pessoas, diante da falta de padrões internacionais adequados. Dada a lacuna normativa existente quanto à proteção dos migrantes ambientais, é a política, e não a Lei, que determina o destino dessas pessoas.

Palavras-chave: Migração Ambiental; Serviços de ecossistemas; Diplomacia; Das Alterações Climáticas; Mobilidade Humana.


Palavras-chave


Environmental Migration; Ecosystem Services; Diplomacy; Climate Change; Human Mobility.

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Referências


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21902/Revrima.v5i38.6212

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