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Diplomacia climática urbana en América Latina: gobernanza multinivel y brechas de efectividad en Bogotá, Medellín y Santiago
Abstract
Las ciudades latinoamericanas han emergido como actores clave en la gobernanza climática global durante las últimas dos décadas, participando activamente en redes transnacionales y desarrollando estrategias de diplomacia subnacional. Este artículo analiza la consolidación de Bogotá, Medellín y Santiago como actores de la diplomacia climática entre 2005 y 2025, examinando sus estrategias internacionales, capacidades institucionales y su articulación con redes globales como C40, ICLEI y UCLG. Mediante un enfoque cualitativo-comparado, basado en el análisis documental y la triangulación de fuentes, el estudio identifica patrones diferenciados de internacionalización urbana y evalúa el impacto real de la paradiplomacia climática en la región. Los hallazgos revelan que, si bien estas ciudades han fortalecido su presencia global y han desarrollado instrumentos innovadores de gobernanza multinivel, persisten desafíos para traducir ambiciones climáticas en reducciones verificables de emisiones y existen tensiones entre las agendas locales y las dinámicas transnacionales. El artículo aporta un marco analítico para evaluar la diplomacia climática subnacional en el Sur Global.
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