ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANT FACTORS RELATED TO EDUCATION IN MOTHER TONGUE FOR NATIONAL MINORITIES IN ALBANIA
Resumen
ABSTRACT: Albanian legislation deals with the right of national minorities to education in their mother tongue in accordance with the requirements and standards of international conventions and documents and is aligned with the best practices of EU countries for non-discrimination of national minorities. The analysis of the PIRE index points out that the implementation of this legislation is conditioned by the level of cooperation of communities belonging to national minorities with public institutions of pre-university education and local government bodies. The desire for education in their mother tongue, the economic-social, historical, cultural conditions, tradition, the size of the population and territorial distribution of each national minority community were evaluated as factors that affect the fulfill of this human right.
Objective: The evaluation of fulfillment of the right to education in the mother tongue for national minorities in Albania and identification of problems and issues that must be addressed for the improvement of the legislation and for its effective implementation
Methodology: The study was carried out using the data of perceptions collected by interviewing 516 citizens who belong to different national minorities in Albania. The assessment of the PIRE index and the quantitative assessments of its six component indicators were used to analyze the legislation that deals with the right of national minorities to education in their mother tongue and its implementation.
Results: Fulfillment of the right to education in the mother tongue for national minorities in Albania is assessed at the "Moderate" level. The legal framework related to this right and the "Desir to be educated in mother tongue" were evaluate at the "High" level. The indicator that reflects the level of opportunities necessary for implementing the legislation was evaluate at the "Moderate" level. The engagement of public institutions, local government bodies and civil society was perceived as "Low". At a low level, citizens who belong to national minorities also perceive the results achieved for the preparation of qualified teachers and bilateral, kin-state and regional cooperation.
Contributions: This study contributes to the academic discussion on issues related to Albania's obligation to fulfill the right of national minorities to education in the mother tongue. The results of the study serve to guide the legislative process relevant to this human right and the efforts that must be made for its implementation.
Keywords: Education; Mother tongue; National Minority; Albania.
RESUMO: A legislação albanesa trata do direito das minorias nacionais à educação na sua língua materna, de acordo com os requisitos e padrões das convenções e documentos internacionais e está alinhada com as melhores práticas dos países da UE para a não discriminação das minorias nacionais. A análise do índice PIRE aponta que a implementação desta legislação está condicionada pelo nível de cooperação das comunidades pertencentes a minorias nacionais com instituições públicas de ensino pré-universitário e órgãos governamentais locais. O desejo de educação na língua materna, as condições económico-sociais, históricas, culturais, a tradição, o tamanho da população e a distribuição territorial de cada comunidade minoritária nacional foram avaliados como factores que afectam o cumprimento deste direito humano.
Objectivo: A avaliação do cumprimento do direito à educação na língua materna para as minorias nacionais na Albânia e a identificação de problemas e questões que devem ser abordados para a melhoria da legislação e para a sua implementação efectiva
Metodologia: O estudo foi realizado a partir de dados de percepções recolhidos através de entrevistas a 516 cidadãos que pertencem a diferentes minorias nacionais na Albânia. A avaliação do índice PIRE e as avaliações quantitativas dos seus seis indicadores componentes foram utilizadas para analisar a legislação que trata do direito das minorias nacionais à educação na sua língua materna e sua implementação.
Resultados: O cumprimento do direito à educação na língua materna para as minorias nacionais na Albânia é avaliado no nível “Moderado”. O enquadramento legal relativo a este direito e o “Desejo de ser educado na língua materna” foram avaliados no nível “Alto”. O indicador que reflete o nível de oportunidades necessárias para implementação da legislação foi avaliado no nível “Moderado”. O envolvimento das instituições públicas, dos órgãos governamentais locais e da sociedade civil foi considerado “baixo”. A um nível baixo, os cidadãos que pertencem a minorias nacionais também percebem os resultados alcançados na preparação de professores qualificados e na cooperação bilateral, aparentada e regional.
Contribuições: Este estudo contribui para a discussão académica sobre questões relacionadas com a obrigação da Albânia de cumprir o direito das minorias nacionais à educação na língua materna. Os resultados do estudo servem para orientar o processo legislativo relevante para este direito humano e os esforços que devem ser feitos para a sua implementação.
Palavras-chave: Educação; Língua materna; Minoria Nacional; Albânia.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/revistajur.2316-753X.v1i77.6833
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